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In grammar, accusative and infinitive is the name for a syntactic construction of Latin and Greek, also found in various forms in other languages such as English and Spanish. In this construction, the subject of a subordinate clause is put in the accusative case and the verb appears in the infinitive form. Among other uses, information may be given in this form to indicate ''indirect speech'', also called indirect discourse. The construction is often referred to by the Latin term ''Accusativus cum infinitivo'', frequently abbreviated ''ACI''. ==In Latin== The ''accusative and infinitive'' is the usual grammatical construction by means of which Classical Latin expressed indirect statements, that is, statements which report what someone has said, thought, felt, etc. Whereas a direct statement would say :"I am a good student," says Julia. the indirect statement might say :Julia says that she is a good student. Latin tends not to use the word "that" to introduce indirect statements. Rather, an accusative subject is used with an infinitive to develop the appropriate meaning. For example, translating the aforementioned example into Latin: :ラテン語:''Iūlia dīcit sē bonam discipulam esse.'' :literally: 'Julia says herself to be a good student.' ラテン語:''Sē'' here is an accusative reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject of the main verb i.e. ラテン語:''Iūlia'' ; ラテン語:''esse'' is the infinitive "to be." Note that the tense of the infinitive, translated into English, is relative to the tense of the main verb. Present infinitives, also called contemporaneous infinitives, occur at the time of the main verb. Perfect infinitives (prior infinitives) occur at a time before the main verb. Future infinitives (subsequent infinitives) occur at a time after the main verb. For example, the contemporaneous infinitive in this sentence, :ラテン語:''Dīxērunt eum'' iuvāre ''eam.'' would still be translated "They said he ''was helping'' her," even though iuvāre is classified in Latin as a present active infinitive of the first conjugation. Passive periphrastic infinitives, i.e. the gerundive + ラテン語:''esse'', indicate obligatory action in indirect statements, e.g. ラテン語:''Gāius dīcit litterās tibi scrībendās esse'', "Gaius says that the letter ought to be written by you."〔Wheelock, Frederic M. ''Wheelock's Latin'', HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0-06-078371-0〕 In late classical and Medieval Latin, the ACI gradually gave way to a construction with ラテン語:''quod''. :ラテン語:''Iūlia dīcit quod bona discipula est.'' This was probably the more common usage in spoken Latin and is the form used consistently in Jerome's Vulgate, which reflects a colloquial style. It is also the equivalent of the Greek indirect statement introduced by . This is the origin of the construction in the modern Romance languages such as French: :''Julia dit qu'elle est une bonne élève.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Accusative and infinitive」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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